老哈河流域不同气候区间天然植被的实际蒸散发量研究

本文基于PM公式,结合LAI数据,考虑冠层截留雨水的蒸发量,针对老哈河流域不同气候区条件,对天然植被进行了实际蒸散发量的测算.比较了在不同气候区条件下,天然植被蒸散发量的差异.结果表明:老哈河流域天然林地的实际蒸散发量明显要大于天然草地的实际蒸散发量.考虑土壤水分条件下,流域内不同气候区间的实际蒸散发量差异并不大,其中土壤水分含量是影响天然植被实际蒸散发量的重要因素.老哈河流域天然草地普遍存在土壤水分胁迫现象,需要在缺水时段,对天然植被进行人工补水,从而维持生态系统的稳定.     

镉铅超标农田养蚕试验分析

湖南耕地镉铅等重金属污染比较严重,研究有效治理耕地重金属污染方式和替代产业调整模式,已成为湖南省农业可持续发展和生态系统安全的关键。该项实验在岳阳市某工矿区选择典型的镉铅超标农田栽桑养蚕,桑树生长发育良好。结果表明,通过镉铅超标农田养蚕的经济性状及效益比较,在工矿区镉铅超标农田以栽植农桑14号品种较好,密度为每667m2栽植1 000~2 000株;并证实了镉铅污染农田栽桑养蚕的可行性,为镉铅等重金属污染耕地安全、经济、高效生态利用和污染区产业结构调整进行了有益的探索。     

新疆不同种类蔬菜农药残留检出规律的研究

在新疆23个不同区域设采样点,共采集1 501个蔬菜样品,分析样品中51项农药残留,研究了不同种类蔬菜农药残留检出的规律性。结果表明,新疆不同区域蔬菜质量安全状况良好,合格率较高,部分蔬菜存在农药检出、超标现象,并具有一定的规律性,与蔬菜种类、生长季节及我国农药产业结构等因素有关。根据实验结果提出降低蔬菜农药残留的对策,以规范该区农药使用,提高蔬菜生产产量、质量及效益。     

Evaluation of endoscopically obtained duodenal biopsy samples from cats and dogs in an adapter-modified Ussing chamber

This study was conducted to evaluate an adapter-modified Ussing chamber for assessment of transport physiology in endoscopically obtained duodenal biopsies from healthy cats and dogs, as well as dogs with chronic enteropathies. 17 duodenal biopsies from five cats and 51 duodenal biopsies from 13 dogs were obtained. Samples were transferred into an adapter-modified Ussing chamber and sequentially exposed to various absorbagogues and secretagogues. Overall, 78.6% of duodenal samples obtained from cats responded to at least one compound. In duodenal biopsies obtained from dogs, the rate of overall response ranged from 87.5% (healthy individuals; n = 8), to 63.6% (animals exhibiting clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease and histopathological unremarkable duodenum; n = 15), and 32.1% (animals exhibiting clinical signs of gastrointestinal diseases and moderate to severe histopathological lesions; n = 28). Detailed information regarding the magnitude and duration of the response are provided. The adapter-modified Ussing chamber enables investigation of the absorptive and secretory capacity of endoscopically obtained duodenal biopsies from cats and dogs and has the potential to become a valuable research tool. The response of samples was correlated with histopathological findings.     

粉垄“4453”增产提质效应及其利民利国发展潜能

袁隆平院士接受媒体记者提出:"粉垄技术可在全国推广"。该文介绍了粉垄重构农田耕作层具"4453"效应,即:"四增"—增加耕层松土量、土壤原生养分利用量,增大"土壤水库"、"土壤氧气库";"四减"—减少水土流失、碳排放量,减低耕层土壤含盐量、重金属含量;"五抗"—增强作物抗干旱、高温、低温、病害、倒伏等能力;"三提高"—促进作物光合效率提高10%以上,产量提高10%~30%以上,品质提高5%以上;人力、畜力、拖拉机耕作依次具增产10%规律,粉垄耕作则还具函拖拉机耕作加上再翻倍深松耕层叠加效应可达20甚至更高增产;指出如全国推广10亿亩,可增贮天然降水400亿立方,盘活土壤原生养分后可减少化肥施用量70多亿千克,新增粮食可多养活3亿多人,产生总体效应还可以助力提升国民身体健康水平和社会稳定、国家安全。     

吉林省1965～2007年地表温度的变化趋势

利用吉林省20个国家基准气象站1965～2007年逐日地表温度以及气温的相关资料,采用气候倾向率、相关分析等统计方法,分析吉林省43年来地表温度的变化规律以及地表温度变化与气温之间的关系.结果表明,1965 ～2007年吉林省地表平均温度、地表最高、地表最低温度均呈显著上升趋势,增幅分别为0.62、0.50、0.85 ℃/10a,且地温的升温幅度高于相应气温的升温幅度;2000年以后地表平均温度与平均气温之间的变化存在明显的分化,这主要是由于地表最低温度的快速上升引起的;地表日较差与气温日较差均呈现显著下降趋势,地表日较差的下降发生在2000年之后,气温日较差的下降发生在1985年之前.     

林用单轨运输车液压传动系统的设计研究

针对目前林用单轨运输车所采用的机械传动方式存在问题以及林业生产单位对其大载重量的要求,将原机械传动方式改进为液压传动方式。介绍了单轨运输车采用液压传动方式的特点,分析了该液压系统的工作原理。     

智能烟苗剪叶机控制系统的设计

针对现有烟苗剪叶机操作复杂、成本高、效率低、自动化水平低等不足,设计了YJY–ZD桥式烟苗剪叶机控制系统。该系统由执行元件、信息采集单元、信息处理单元和控制电路等组成,可实现烟苗剪叶机一键启动,自动完成往复机构横向往复运动与整机纵向行走自动交互变换,运用往复运动控制算法控制往复机构往复运动,实现往复机构换向时无冲击、残余动能回收。试验测得的剪苗机作业漏剪率为0.55%,伤苗率为0.4%,漏拾率为0.4%,平均工作效率可达692 m2/h。     

Determining home range,changes in habitat use with time,and the threats to an endangered freshwater turtle (Rafetus euphraticus) in Turkey

1. The Euphrates softshell turtle (Rafetus euphraticus) is the most threatened chelonian species in the Middle East, where it is endemic to the Tigris and Euphrates basins. Since the ecology of this species is little known, it is difficult to plan any reliable action for its correct management and conservation.
2. To enhance the scientific knowledge on R. euphraticus, and to establish a science-based management strategy, a detailed investigation was undertaken on the distribution, habitat, activity and home range of R. euphraticus in Turkey. The previous distribution records in Turkey are for the 1990s; thus, this study is the first comprehensive field research on the species after nearly 3 decades.
3. There was a significant sexual size dimorphism in the Turkish population, with males larger than females.
4. Four individuals were radiotracked for 1 year. The mean home range was highly variable depending on how it was calculated, but that of males was considerably greater than that of females by all methods used.
5. A quantitative evaluation was made of habitat change with time. The land cover classes potentially available to turtles in the Euphrates River basin increased by more than 100% between the 1990s and 2018: 92% of this enhancement was derived from water bodies and coastal lands.
6. Fifteen dams have been built in the lower part of the basins in the last 30 years. In addition, continuing human interactions have caused the fragmentation or destruction of suitable habitats for R. euphraticus.
7. The factors threatening R. euphraticus were assessed and a conservation action plan was developed. Some objectives such as monitoring and creating awareness of this action plan have been met while others are still waiting to be achieved.

     

Ecological features and ranging patterns at a chimpanzee release site on Rubondo Island, Tanzania

This study examines the behavioral ecology of a chimpanzee population on Rubondo Island in Lake Victoria, Tanzania, over 40 years after chimpanzees were first introduced to the island from captivity. Despite little pre-release habitat assessment, rehabilitation, or post-release monitoring, these chimpanzees are one of the only released populations to survive over decades without provisioning. We surveyed habitat structure and plant composition to gain insights into ecological features that have supported this self-sufficient chimpanzee population for over 40 years. We also examined possible ecological sources of chimpanzee ranging patterns on the island. We surveyed woody plant composition, and quantified densities of species producing large fleshy fruits and confirmed chimpanzee fruit foods across three chimpanzee ranging areas, each separated by several kilometers. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination to compare community-level patterns of plant composition across regions. The densities of trees and lianas producing fleshy fruits were high in comparison with similar measures at endemic chimpanzee study sites. There were major differences in the composition of tree species, including species of chimpanzee fruit foods, across the three regions. In contrast, liana species composition was similar across regions, and was characterized by a few super-abundant species, including one chimpanzee fallback food. The wide-ranging patterns of chimpanzees do not appear to be influenced by localized tree fruiting patterns, but may be facilitated by the wide-spread distribution of an important fallback food. In comparison with other endemic and release sites, the relatively low ecological population density of chimpanzees, the high density of both trees and lianas producing large fleshy fruits and the presence of a high-quality, widely-distributed fallback food are factors that likely contributed to the success of Rubondo chimpanzees in reverting to natural foraging behaviors after their release.